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Common Varieties
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- Native to highlands ofMexico, Andes toChile, 2400 to 2800 m
- Flowers generally more pubescent (hairy); bloom earliest in the season.
- Fruits small; fruit skin thin to membranous, rarely over 0.75 mm; seed relatively large to very large, and often loose; fruit pulp commonly rich to strong in flavor, sometimes with anise aroma; often fibrous; ripen 6-8 months (rapid development)
- Leaves are “anise” scented; under-surfaces more glaucous (whitened with a bloom).
- Most cold hardy of the avocado races; also more resistant to heat and low humidity
- Trees found in higher elevations, hardy; least tolerant to soil salinity; arely does well in coastal environment
- Up to 30% oil
b)Guatemalan Race
- Native to highlands of Central America toEcuadorandMexico, 800 to 2400 m
- No anise leaf scent; young foliage more commonly reddish
- Large fruit, rough skin usually thick and leathery to woody, sometimes over 6 mm
- Fruits mature 9–14 months, winter cultivar
- Important commercial race; seeds are small, tight in cavity
- Trees cold resistant
- Hybrids of Guatemalan race most useful commercially
- 7.5 to 18% oil
c)West Indian Race
- Native to lowlands of Central and South America, only introduced intoWest Indies.
- No anise leaf scent
- Quite sensitive to cold
- Fruit size variable, skin thin and smooth leathery
- At point of fruit attachment, the pedicels have a unique nailhead configuration.
- Early maturing, 6 to 9 months (summer variety)
- Most tolerant to soil salinity
- Seeds loose, relatively large, can shake in fruit
- Cotyledons rough
- Pulp milk to watery in flavor
- 5–7% oil
Avocado fruits (Persea americana): A. West Indian cultivar, B. Guatemalan cultivar (‘Hass’), and C. Mexican x Guatemalan cultivar (‘Fuerte’).
a – General characteristics may vary according to climatic zones for all varieties
b – Other minor varieties including Anaheim, Covacado, Jim, McArthur, Rincon, Santana, Susan are also not recommended.
c – These varieties are considered to show promise, but need limited commercial testing. Data presented is only tentative.
d – Topworked trees may exhibit different tree shape. S=Spreading; U=Upright; I=Irregular.
e – Yields may be enhanced by cross pollination with opposite flower type which blooms at the same time.
f – NR = Not Recommended
g – Topworked trees tend to be more upright.
h – NE = not established
i – Fruiting Season: W=winter, SP=spring, Su=summer, Fa=fall
a – General characteristics may vary according to climatic zones for all varieties.
b – Other minor varieties including Anaheim, Covacado, Jim, McArthur, Rincon, Santana, Susan are also not recommended.
c – These varieties are considered to show promise, but need limited commercial testing. Data presented is only tentative.
d – Data presented from California Avocado Commission Consumer Taste Panel (1986-87) for all varieties except Whitsell.
e – NE = Not Established
f – Early season Pinkerton require ethylene conditioning for satisfactory ripening.
ate in thickness (1.0 mm). The seed is small (80 g) and is loose in the cavity. The flesh is yellow and is 80 per cent of the whole fruit by weight.
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