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Newly planted durian seedlings are more sensitive to macro and micro nutrient deficiencies compared to mature trees. The main effects of nutrient deficiencies are dwarfing, longer juvenile periods, late flowering, late fruiting, low yield and fruit drop before reaches maturity. The more serious effect is seedling mortality. The main symptoms due to deficiency in some elements are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Symptoms due to nutrient deficiency
Nutrient |
Deficiency Symptoms |
Nitrogen (N) |
Yellowing of older leaves and chlorosis |
Phosphorus (P) |
Reduction in leaf sizes |
Calcium (K) |
Yellowing of older leaf tips, then spread to leaf margin, followed by necrosis |
Magnesium (Mg) |
Yellowing of older leaves beginning at the veins spreading towards leaf tips. The leaf veins remain green. This is followed by leaf drop |
Sulfur (S) |
Yellowing of young leaves and the surface of the effected leaves turn uneven. The veins remain green |
Iron (Fe) |
Yellowing of young leaves and the surface of the effected leaves turn uneven. The veins remain green |
Manganese (Mn) |
Dwarfing of the seedlings, yellowing and chlorosis in the older leaves although the veins remain green |
Copper (Cu) |
The young shoots wrinkle with yellowing at leaf margin. This usually results in stunted growth of shoots. Proliferation also spread to the older leaves which also result in stunted growth |
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At an early development stage, a high N and P fertilisation is necessary. The rates are given in the table on Fertiliser Application. Most compound fertilisers such as Nitrophoska green, blue or red containing the recommended combinations are suitable. Organic fertilisers such as chicken dung or cow dung at the rate of 15 to 30 kg/ plant is given annually. At maturity, durian requires high K fertilisation for fruit development. |
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Under normal conditions fertiliser is broadcasted around the canopy, slightly further away from the canopy radius. Under steep terrain fertiliser is applied in holes dug around the canopy radius (pocket application). After applying the fertiliser the holes are covered. Fertilisation should be carried out during the wetter months.
Recommended fertilisers given at different rates according to the different ages of the plants is given in Table 2 . The fertiliser types are interchangeable.
Table 2: Fertilisation time table
Age of plants (years) |
Kg/plant/year |
Frequency |
Combination of elements |
Fertilizer types |
1 |
0.6 |
6 |
14 : 13 : 9 : 2 1/2 |
14 : 13 : 9 : 2 1/2 |
2 |
1.0 |
4 |
15 : 15 : 15 |
vegetative |
3 |
2.0 |
4 |
15 : 15 : 6 : 4 |
vegetative |
4 |
3.6 |
4 |
11 : 16 : 9 : 2 1/2 |
vegetative |
5* |
4.5 |
4 |
12 : 12 : 17: 2 +TE |
Fruit development |
6 |
6.0 |
4 |
12 : 12 : 17:2 + TE |
Fruit development |
7 |
7.5 |
3 |
13 : 13 : 20 |
Fruit development |
8 |
9.0 |
3 |
12 : 6 : 22 : 3 |
Fruit development |
9 |
10 |
3 |
15 : 7 :18 :2 |
Fruit development |
10 or more |
10 |
3 |
` |
Fruit development |
*Change to fertiliser combination for fruit development although the plants are still vegetative
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| Names |
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Durio zibethinus |
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Common: |
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English: |
Durian |
Indonesia: |
Durian
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Malaysia: |
Durian |
Tagalog: |
Durian |
Thai: |
Thurian |
Vietnam: |
Sau rieng |
| Mandarin: |
Liulian |
| Tamil: |
Durian |
| Khmer: |
Thouren |
| Laotian: |
Mahk tulieng |
| Burmese: |
Duyin |
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Taxonomic Position: |
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Domain: |
Eukaryota |
Kingdom: |
Viridiplantae |
Phylum: |
Spermatophyta |
| Subphylum: |
Angiospermae |
Class: |
Dicotyledonae |
Order: |
Malvales |
Family: |
Bombaceae |
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